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Initially an apprentice carver and gilder began to study art when he was in his twenties at the Trustees Academy under Robert Scott Lauder and initially did not practice as a professional artist. In the 1870's he visited France and Italy and in 1873 he was a founder Member of the Scottish Arts Club alongside Hugh Cameron and Robert Herdman. Although principally associated with marine and shipping paintings in oil and watercolour, he provided illustrations for the 1866 work "Pen and Pencil Pictures From the Poets." He exhibited at the RSA Annual Exhibitions from 1848 until 1902. He became an Associate Member of the RSA in 1875 and an Academician in 1881.