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Studied at the Trustees Academy under Robert Scott Lauder and at the RSA Life School winning first prize for painting from the life in 1862. Resided in Edinburgh but visited France, Belgium and Venice. He is mainly associated with Scottish Historical subjects but favoured landscape towards the end of his life. He exhibited at the RSA Annual Exhibitions from 1857 until 1901. He became an Associate Member of the RSA in 1862 and an Academician in 1877. His obituary appeared in The Art Record, II, 1901, p. 686 (information from Martin Hopkinson, former Keeper of prints, The Hunterian Art Gallery, University of Glasgow, 2018-06-11)